Which element is NOT considered a part of the GMDSS distress alerting system?

The correct answer identifies ship systems for voice communication as an element that is not a part of the GMDSS distress alerting system. The Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) is primarily focused on automated and digital means of sending distress alerts, such as satellite communication systems and radio equipment designed specifically for this purpose.

While voice communication systems are crucial for regular operational communication and can play a role in safety situations, they do not directly function as part of the GMDSS's automated distress alerting protocol. The key components of the GMDSS emphasize the use of technology that ensures quick and reliable distress alerts, which includes satellite communications and specific radio equipment designed for distress signaling.

Manual distress alerting devices—such as flares—are also considered a part of the system because they serve as additional means of signaling distress but are not the primary automated solutions sought in GMDSS. Thus, the option regarding ship systems for voice communication does not fit within the specific framework of the GMDSS distress alerting system.